A.1. Treason

Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them by a Citizen of the same, or in adhering to their enemies—whether foreign states or organized non-state actors engaged in hostilities or armed conflict against the United States—giving them aid and comfort.

No Person may be convicted of treason unless the charge is proven beyond a reasonable doubt. This may include physical, digital, or testimonial evidence. If the conviction relies solely on personal testimony, at least two witnesses must testify to the same specific act. A confession in open court remains sufficient.

The penalty for Treason shall presumptively include the loss of all Civic Powers and suspension of the right to a passport, but not nationality, subject to confirmation by a court of law in accordance with due process. A jury may, at its discretion, impose additional penalties that are consistent with this Charter and clearly authorized by statute. Civic Powers suspended for acts of Treason cannot be restored under any circumstances.