A.1. Treason

Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them by a Citizen of the same, or in adhering to their enemies—whether foreign states or organized non-state actors engaged in hostilities or armed conflict against the United States—giving them aid and comfort.

No Person may be convicted of treason unless the charge is proven beyond a reasonable doubt. This may include physical, digital, or testimonial evidence. If the conviction relies solely on personal testimony, at least two witnesses must testify to the same specific act. A confession in open court remains sufficient.

The penalty for Treason shall presumptively include the loss of all Civic powers and suspension of the right to a passport, but not nationality, subject to confirmation by a court of law in accordance with due process. A jury may, at its discretion, impose additional penalties that are consistent with this Charter and clearly authorized by statute.