A.3(b). Penalty for Abuse

Suppose any Person or Institution brings two or more claims under Civic Standing that are dismissed during preliminary review within any two years. In that case, that Person or Institution shall be subject to a mandatory civil penalty equal to one-half of their income (if a Person) or revenue (if an Institution).

A panel of three independent auditors shall determine average wealth utilizing Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP).

Different stakeholders appoint the panel’s three members:

• One appointed by the court;

• One appointed by the claimant; and

• One appointed by the respondent. If the respondent is a government body, the third auditor shall be appointed by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office.

Penalties under this provision are enforceable as final civil judgments. They shall not be considered excessive, having been expressly defined and authorized within this Charter as necessary to safeguard the integrity of public-interest litigation.