B.4. Circuit Courts of Appeal

Circuit Courts of Appeal serve as the second level of federal appellate review. They hear appeals from the Provincial Courts.

Circuit Courts are responsible for:

• Ensuring uniform interpretation of law across the nation,

• Reviewing constitutional questions, legal standards, and procedural fairness,

• Resolving conflicting rulings between different Provincial Courts,

• Affirming, reversing, or remanding cases.

Circuit Courts may also hear additional matters assigned by law, provided those duties remain consistent with this Charter.

Circuit Court boundaries shall be drawn to ensure balanced caseloads, geographic accessibility, and fair distribution of appellate responsibilities. Each Circuit must include at least three (3) States, and no Circuit may divide a single State.

After each national census, an apolitical commission shall review Circuit boundaries and recommend adjustments, if needed.