Except when limited by the collective will of the People, the Judicial Branch has the final authority over how this Charter is interpreted and applied. Its purpose is to protect the Rights of all Persons, ensure that the government remains within its lawful limits, and resolve disputes fairly according to the principles in this Charter. The Courts derive their authority from the consent of the Citizens, and may use it only to uphold the Charter, defend the Sovereignty of the People, and ensure the equal application of the law.
The Judicial Branch consists of four levels: the Supreme Court, the Federal Circuit Courts of Appeal, the Federal Provincial Courts, and the Federal District Courts. Each court exercises the authority granted to it by this Charter and by law. All courts must remain within the limits of this Charter and are required to protect the Rights it guarantees.
Territorial District Courts shall be established as part of the Judicial Branch. Each Territory shall have one District Court, and all Territories shall share a single Territorial Provincial Court. Appeals from the Territorial Provincial Court shall be heard by the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals that has jurisdiction over the National Capital. Where this Charter refers to District Courts or Provincial Courts, it must be understood to include those for Tribes and Territories, as well.
A parallel Immigration Court shall be established for each Federal District Court. These Immigration Courts belong to the Judicial Branch and have original jurisdiction over immigration cases.
Apolitical commissions shall be used to review both District Court boundaries and the boundaries of the Circuit Courts of Appeal. The rules and structure for these commissions are identical.
The commission shall consist of:
Two (2) members selected by the Judicial Nomination Board,
Two (2) members selected by the Federal Licensing Authority, and
Three (3) Citizens selected at random from the Civic Draft.
No member of a commission may currently hold federal office or have done so within the past six years. All members must be adult Citizens, must not have been convicted of a felony, and must not have suspended voting rights at the time of selection.
Failure to participate in a commission may be considered partial grounds for the charge of Failure to Fulfill a Civic Duty.
Recommendations must be approved by a majority vote of the commission and submitted to Congress. Congress must vote to either accept or reject the proposal without amendment. If Congress does not act within ninety (90) days, the recommended boundaries shall take effect by default at the start of the next Judicial Year.
Except where this Charter provides otherwise, the District Courts have original jurisdiction over all federal civil and criminal cases. This includes constitutional claims, violations of federal law, and disputes between Persons or entities arising under this Charter or federal statutes.
District Courts may also:
Review actions taken by federal agencies,
Hear petitions for habeas corpus, and
Conduct preliminary hearings in cases where a higher court holds original jurisdiction.
District Courts may not hear appeals, except as permitted by law in cases involving administrative review.
District Court boundaries within each State must ensure fair access to justice and equal population distribution across the federal system. No District may cross State lines. These boundaries shall be reviewed following each national census and may be redrawn to reflect changes in population, geography, or caseload.
A nonpartisan commission shall be formed to review and recommend changes to District Court boundaries, following the structure and rules outlined in this Charter.
The Federal Provincial Courts serve as the first level of federal appellate review. These courts hear appeals from District Courts within their assigned regions.
Provincial Courts may:
Review how law and procedure were applied in the original trial,
Affirm, reverse, or remand cases for further proceedings.
They may not conduct new trials or reexamine findings of fact, except where a procedural error or a clear violation of Rights undermined the fairness of the original trial.
Provincial Courts may also hear additional matters assigned by law, so long as those duties are consistent with this Charter.
Each State shall have one Provincial Court with jurisdiction over appeals from that State’s District Courts. The Territorial Provincial Court shall hear cases arising in any Territory of the United States and shall maintain courtroom facilities in each Territory. Existing District Court facilities may be used as needed.
Circuit Courts of Appeal serve as the second level of federal appellate review. They hear appeals from the Provincial Courts.
Circuit Courts are responsible for:
Ensuring uniform interpretation of law across the nation,
Reviewing constitutional questions, legal standards, and procedural fairness,
Resolving conflicting rulings between different Provincial Courts,
Affirming, reversing, or remanding cases.
Circuit Courts may also hear additional matters assigned by law, provided those duties remain consistent with this Charter.
Circuit Court boundaries shall be drawn to ensure balanced caseloads, geographic accessibility, and fair distribution of appellate responsibilities. Each Circuit must include at least three (3) States, and no Circuit may divide a single State.
After each national census, an apolitical commission shall review Circuit boundaries and recommend adjustments, if needed.
The Supreme Court is the highest Court in the United States. It has final authority over all constitutional matters and serves as the ultimate appellate forum for decisions made by lower courts. It also holds original and exclusive jurisdiction over cases between two or more States, or between a State and the Federal Government.
In such original jurisdiction cases, a group of Circuit Court judges shall be randomly selected to join the hearing. The number of these judges must be one fewer than the number of Supreme Court Justices participating. All judges—Supreme and Circuit—shall hear the case, review the facts, and vote. The votes of the Circuit judges shall be recorded and shared with the Supreme Court Justices, but shall remain confidential unless an appeal is filed.
The final ruling shall be determined solely by the votes of the Supreme Court Justices—unless the losing party files an appeal within ninety-six (96) hours. If such an appeal is filed, the votes of all participating judges, including Circuit judges, shall be unsealed and counted together. That outcome is final and shall be treated as the decision of the Supreme Court.
This special procedure applies only to cases where the Supreme Court exercises original jurisdiction. It does not apply to appeals from lower courts, which follow the standard procedures set forth by this Charter and by law.
The Judicial Year shall begin on October 1 and end on September 30 of the following year.
Immigration Judges serve for a term of four (4) years, renewable once.
Federal and Territorial District Court, Federal and Territorial Provincial Appellate Court, and Federal Circuit Courts of Appeal Judges shall each serve a single non-renewable term of six (6) years. In all of these Courts, a partial term counts as a full term, and the Judge so serving shall be reckoned as if they had served the full six years concerning eligibility for other Courts.
Nothing in this clause prevents a Judge from being considered for appointment to a higher court, as long as they meet the qualifications in this Charter.
Supreme Court Justices shall serve a single non-renewable term of eighteen (18) years. One new Justice shall be appointed every two years.
If a Justice is appointed to fill a vacancy, they shall serve only the remainder of that term and may not be reappointed. The Justice with the longest continuous service on the Supreme Court shall serve as Chief Justice.
All federal Judges must meet specific qualifications before taking office. These qualifications must be satisfied at the time of nomination and maintained throughout the Judge’s term.
A candidate or nominee must:
● Be licensed and in good standing with the Federal Licensing Authority,
● Not have been disbarred or barred from holding federal office,
● Not have been convicted of a felony, or
● Not have been removed from judicial office for cause, or found guilty of fraud, corruption, or abuse of power.
Minimum experience requirements:
· Immigration Court Judges: At least three (3) years of legal experience in immigration law.
· Magistrate Judges: At least three (3) years of legal experience.
· District Court Judges: At least five (5) years of legal experience.
· Provincial Court Judges: At least eleven (11) years of combined federal-level experience in legal practice, service as a District Court Judge, or full-time faculty employment at a U.S.-accredited law school. Legal academics must also demonstrate sustained engagement with the federal courts, including authorship of amicus curiae briefs in constitutional or appellate matters.
· Circuit Court Judges: Must have completed a full term of service on a Provincial Court
· Supreme Court Justices: Must have served at least three (3) years on the Circuit Court.
A nominee who has not served on the Circuit Court may still be eligible for the Supreme Court if they meet all of the following:
At least twenty (20) years of experience in constitutional litigation, legal scholarship (as defined above), or federal appellate practice;
Personal argument of at least three (3) constitutional cases before a U.S. Circuit Court or the Supreme Court; and
Have been cited in at least two (2) published majority opinions from a U.S. Circuit Court or the Supreme Court.
The President will nominate each Justice of the Supreme Court and each Judge of the Circuit, Provincial, District, and Immigration Courts when a term ends or a seat becomes empty. The nominee must come from the list of candidates provided for that level by the Judicial Nomination Board. The President must send the nomination in writing to the Leader of the Senate.
Within thirty (30) days of receiving the nomination, the Senate must hold a single yes-or-no vote on the nominee. A simple majority of Senators present and voting is sufficient to confirm.
If confirmed, the nominee’s term will begin at 8:01 a.m. local time in the Nation’s capital on the first Monday after the Senate vote. Alternatively, if the appointment was made and confirmed in advance of the bench becoming vacant, the nominee’s term begins at the same time on the first day of the next Judicial Year. The nominee will receive their official commission at that time.
If the nominee is already a Judge on a lower court, they may choose to delay starting their new duties for up to sixty (60) days to complete or hand off any work still in progress. Even if they delay starting their new duties, their term still begins at the time specified in Article IV, Section 3.C.1.
If the Senate does not confirm the nominee, the President must pick another candidate from the current list within five (5) days. This process will repeat until someone is confirmed.
A judge’s seat becomes empty when their term ends, they die, they resign by notifying the President, they are removed or suspended under the rules in this Charter, or if the government receives a written notice that they are permanently unable to serve, as provided by law.
Every empty seat—whether for a full term or just the rest of one—must be filled using the nomination and confirmation process described in the “Appointment and Confirmation” section. If there are fewer than three (3) eligible names left on the Judicial Nomination Board’s list for that level, the Board must send an updated list to the President within thirty (30) days of the vacancy.
If someone is appointed to fill an open seat on the Supreme Court, they only serve the time left in that term. After that, they can’t be nominated to the Supreme Court again. That time still counts as a full term for term-limit rules.
A judge appointed to fill a vacancy on a Circuit, Provincial, District, or Immigration Court shall serve only the remainder of the original term. Regardless of the length of service, this partial term shall count as a full term for purposes of term limits.
If a seat is empty and waiting to be filled, it will be temporarily filled by a judge randomly chosen from current or qualified retired judges at the same level of court. For example, a District Court seat will be filled by another District Court judge. This rule does not apply to the Supreme Court, which must wait for a new Justice to be confirmed. The temporary judge’s own job, duties, and term limit do not change. They serve only until the confirmed replacement takes office.
Each District, Provincial, and Circuit Court may appoint Magistrate Judges to assist in non-trial duties, under procedures established by law. They may not preside over trials or receive a pension under this Charter. Compensation shall not exceed 75% of a District Court Judge’s salary.
Judicial compensation shall be based on individual income levels as reported in the most recent national census, according to the following percentiles:
Immigration Judges — 88th percentile;
District and Provincial Court Judges — 90th percentile;
Circuit Court Judges — 92nd percentile;
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court — 93rd percentile;
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — 130% of the Associate Justice rate.
These salaries are updated after each national census. A judge’s pay cannot be lowered during their time in office.
If inflation is five percent (5%) or more in two out of any three consecutive years, measured by the annualized Consumer Price Index (CPI) as of June 30, then judicial pay must be raised by the total inflation over that three-year period. This increase takes effect automatically at the start of the next Judicial Year. No law or action is needed for it to happen.
In the year after a census, pay must be brought back in line with the updated income percentiles. Following this reset, no inflation adjustment will be allowed for the next two Judicial Years.
All pay rules in this section are self-executing and protected from political interference.
Judges and Justices, but not Magistrate Judges, who complete the full term of their appointment shall receive a pension equal to two-thirds (2/3) of their final salary, commencing no earlier than the start of the Judicial Year following their departure from office (see Article IV, Section 2.C). No pension shall be paid during any period of Judicial service.
Congress shall, by law, establish the Judicial Pension Code governing:
1. The timing and duration of payments,
2. Adjustments for partial terms,
3. Early resignation due to medical necessity,
4. Rules concerning forfeiture, and
5. Limitations on deferral or inheritance.
These pensions protect the independence of judges, especially since this Charter does not allow lifetime appointments. They ensure that Judges and Justices can do their jobs without fear or pressure, and that Citizens from any background can serve without financial hardship.
Any Change to the Judicial Pension Code must respect the principle that pensions are not rewards, but safeguards against improper influence.
To avoid conflicts of interest, any suits at law concerning pensions must be tried by a panel of three senators consisting of the Deputy Leader of the Senate and two other Senators drawn by lot.
Any judge or justice who is convicted of a felony, whether under federal law or the law of any State or Territory, shall be removed from office automatically. This removal shall take effect on the third day following either the completion of all appeals or the deadline for filing an appeal, whichever comes later.
This removal shall be deemed a removal for cause under this Charter.
If a judge or justice is suspected of having a cognitive or mental condition that renders them unable to carry out their duties, a private affidavit may be submitted to the Federal Licensing Authority (FLA). The affidavit shall remain confidential.
Upon receipt, the FLA shall initiate two independent medical evaluations. If both evaluations confirm that the judge suffers from cognitive or mental decline that materially impairs their ability to perform, the judge shall be removed from office. The official record of removal shall state the reason as “Medical.”
The FLA shall retain all related records for ten (10) years before releasing them to the public.
Congress shall establish a Judicial Disciplinary Code. Once enacted, neither the Legislative Branch nor the Executive Branch shall have the authority to interfere with the provisions of the Code through executive discretion or procedural override. Congress may alter the provisions of the Code, but no such provision shall take effect until the end of the second Judicial Year following the adoption of the alterations into law.
Allegations of ethical or professional misconduct by any federal judge may be submitted to the Federal Licensing Authority (FLA) as provided in this Charter. The FLA shall review and refer such complaints in accordance with the Judicial Disciplinary Code.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall appoint a tribunal of judges of equal rank to the accused, drawn from other jurisdictions. The tribunal must be confirmed by the FLA and shall follow the procedures, burdens of proof, and timelines outlined in the Judicial Disciplinary Code.
Sanctions available to the tribunal include censure or removal for cause. Removal requires a two-thirds vote of the tribunal. Repeated censure shall result in automatic removal.
A process-based appeal may be made to the Chief Justice, who must rule within thirty (30) days and in writing.
Any judge or justice who permanently loses legal eligibility to serve—due to disbarment, felony conviction, or loss of licensing—shall be removed automatically. Such removal is deemed for cause.
Justices of the Supreme Court may only be removed by impeachment, as elsewhere provided in this Charter. However, qualifying complaints against them shall be reviewed by the FLA and referred under the Judicial Disciplinary Code for initial screening.
Before taking office in all federal courts, every judge or justice must swear or affirm a public oath. No judge may begin any official duties or receive compensation until this oath is taken.
For all courts below the Supreme Court, including the offices of Magistrate Judges, the following oath must be given:
“I, [full legal name], solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the National Charter and the laws of the United States. I understand that I have no personal right to this power—it comes from the People, through their elected President and Senate.
“I will support and defend this Charter because its purpose is to protect the Natural and Civil Rights of all Persons. I will apply the law fairly and equally to every Person. I will serve on the [name of court] with honesty, and without favoritism, bias, or corruption.
“I accept my unwaivable duty to recuse myself in any case where a conflict of interest exists or appears to exist. I agree to follow the Judicial Code of Ethics, which carries the weight of Constitutional Law.”
For newly confirmed justices to the Supreme Court, the same oath must be executed as for the lower Courts, appended as follows:
“I accept that the Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, and that serving on it is the most solemn and weighty responsibility in the Judicial Branch. I understand that this position carries a greater burden than service on the lower courts and demands an even deeper commitment to the defense of Natural and Civil Rights over the powers of the State.”
Every Person has standing to bring a claim before the courts of the United States alleging a violation of their Rights under this Charter, a breach of a constitutional obligation, or a failure to perform a Civic Duty, provided that the claim presents a real or imminent harm traceable to a specific act, omission, or policy of the Government or its agents.
This Section shall be interpreted in light of the following principles:
A harm is real if it has already occurred or is ongoing.
A harm is imminent if
The challenged conduct is authorized, planned, or reasonably foreseeable under existing law, policy, or practice, and
The claimant is likely to be affected in the absence of judicial relief. “Likely,” in this context, means a harm that could affect the claimant if applied to them; it does not mean that there must be a high probability of it being applied to them.
A harm is not rendered speculative solely because it is shared by many Persons, systemic in nature, or affecting the public at large.
Courts retain discretion to consolidate, limit, or manage duplicative or overlapping claims, provided such case management does not deny meaningful access to judicial review.
A Person has personal standing when they:
Are directly and individually affected by the challenged action or policy; or
Face a substantial risk of being affected if the action continues; and
Seek relief that would redress or mitigate the harm.
For claims seeking only injunctive or declaratory relief, a credible and demonstrable risk of future harm is sufficient to establish standing. Plaintiffs need not prove economic loss or past injury if the threat to their Rights is real and non-trivial.
Any Citizen may bring a claim in the public interest when:
The claim alleges a violation of a constitutional obligation, a Charter-mandated transparency or process requirement, or a failure to uphold a defined Civic or Official Duty;
The alleged failure affects the Citizen in their capacity as a co-sovereign;
No adequate alternative remedy exists: and
The relief sought is within the court’s power to grant.
The widespread or collective nature of the harm does not preclude standing. However, the Citizen must also demonstrate a material risk to the integrity of self-government, the operation of constitutional institutions, or the effective exercise of Civic powers.
Any claim brought under Civic Standing shall receive a preliminary review by the court within ten (10) days of filing. The reviewing judge shall issue a ruling determining whether the claim may proceed based on the requirements of this Section. This ruling shall be public and subject to appeal only on procedural grounds.
Suppose any Person or Institution brings two or more claims under Civic Standing that are dismissed during preliminary review within any two years. In that case, that Person or Institution shall be subject to a mandatory civil penalty equal to one-half of their income (if a Person) or revenue (if an Institution).
A panel of three independent auditors shall determine average wealth utilizing Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP).
Different stakeholders appoint the panel’s three members:
One appointed by the court;
One appointed by the claimant; and
One appointed by the respondent. If the respondent is a government body, the third auditor shall be appointed by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office.
Penalties under this provision are enforceable as final civil judgments. They shall not be considered excessive, having been expressly defined and authorized within this Charter as necessary to safeguard the integrity of public-interest litigation.
An organization has standing to bring a claim on behalf of its members if:
At least one member has standing under this Section;
The claim is germane to the organization’s mission and purpose; and
The relief requested does not require individual participation of members beyond what is necessary to establish the claim.
No Person or institution may defend the constitutionality of a law unless they are directly responsible for its enforcement or subject to its application, or serve as counsel for them.
Courts may consolidate, manage, or otherwise limit overlapping actions to prevent duplication, delay, or strategic abuse, provided that meaningful judicial review is preserved.
The Judiciary of the United States exists to apply and interpret this Charter, along with all laws, regulations, and legal authorities enacted or recognized under it. All courts must uphold the Charter, but only certain higher courts have the power to decide what it means. The purpose of the Judiciary is to protect and defend the Rights of the People. The courts do not exist to serve the power of the State when it conflicts with the Rights of the People.
In all judicial proceedings, the following sources of law shall apply, in this order of authority:
This Charter, including the Rights enumerated in Article I, prevails over all other sources in the event of conflict.
Common law interpreting this or prior Charters, to the extent it is consistent with this Charter.
Treaties duly ratified by the United States.
Statutes enacted under the authority of this Charter.
Common law interpreting such statutes.
Administrative law.
Executive Orders.
Regulations.
Courts shall interpret this Charter with a presumption in favor of Rights . Any limitation on a Right must:
Be expressly authorized by this Charter,
Serve a compelling public interest, and
Be executed using the least restrictive means available.
When Rights appear to conflict, the burden shall rest on the government to justify any legal classification, restriction, or distinction. That justification must be:
Compelling,
Grounded in the principles of this Charter, and
Free from arbitrariness, political motivation, or discriminatory effect.
Courts must evaluate not only individual intent but also systemic patterns of exclusion, structural disadvantage, and disproportionate harm. Evidence of animus may include institutional conduct that suppresses or undermines equal Rights. Such findings shall trigger heightened scrutiny.
Original intent may guide interpretation but may not override current Rights recognized under this Charter. Where historical meanings or practices conflict with those Rights, the Charter prevails.
Courts must interpret moral and legal terms—such as “cruel,” “unusual,” “due process,” or “civilized”—in light of evolving national consensus and the legal norms of advanced nations. These references are persuasive, not binding, and must serve the Charter’s purpose: to uphold humane and just governance.
There shall be an Administrative Office of the United States Courts to do administrative and support work for the courts. The Director of the Judicial Administrative Office must be a career civil servant with no less than ten (10) years of public sector experience. They serve at the pleasure of the Chief Justice.
The Judicial Administrative Office will provide administrative support to the federal courts as provided by law.
The Judicial Administrative Office shall operate independently of the Executive and Legislative Branches. Its work shall not interfere with the deliberative or adjudicative functions of any court.
There will be a Federal Licensing Authority as an independent office within the Judicial Branch to ensure professional and ethical standards for federal judges and attorneys.
The Authority will be governed by a board composed of legal professionals and public representatives, with structure and selection procedures established by law. The Authority will operate independently of the Executive and Legislative Branches.
The Federal Licensing Authority shall:
License and oversee professional standards for federal judges and attorneys
Review complaints regarding professional misconduct
Refer substantiated complaints for appropriate disciplinary action as provided by this Charter
Protect complainants from retaliation
The Authority shall not interfere with ongoing judicial proceedings or exercise judicial functions. When the Authority certifies complaints or approves disciplinary procedures, such actions shall have full legal force under this Charter.
There shall be a Judicial Nomination Board to identify and approve qualified candidates for appointment to the federal courts of the United States. The Board serves as an independent body to ensure that judicial nominations are based on merit, integrity, and constitutional eligibility, free from political influence.
The Board shall consist of nine (9) members, as follows:
Three retired federal judges, appointed by the three most senior Associate Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of selection. A majority vote of the sitting judges of the Circuit Courts of Appeal must approve these appointments. If a seat is vacated mid-term, the Chief Justice shall appoint a replacement to serve the remainder of the term.
Three licensed federal attorneys, selected by the American Bar Association or another similar national institution as designated by statute. If no institution is designated, the Chief Justice shall choose, subject to the same ratification scheme as for the former judges.
Three public representative Citizens, with no legal or judicial affiliation, shall be selected either through a process defined by law, or if no such law exists, by a panel of three retired federal judges appointed by the Chief Justice.
Membership is compulsory for all selected individuals. Members shall serve equal terms, and any mid-term replacement shall serve only the remainder of the original term. A new Board shall be selected in each even-numbered year that does not coincide with a Presidential election year.
The Judicial Nomination Board shall maintain and regularly update lists of eligible candidates for appointment to each level of the federal judiciary. Each list shall have at least three (3) potential candidates and as many as twenty (20). These lists shall be transmitted to the President as required under this Charter. The Board may develop rules and criteria, consistent with this Charter, to guide its evaluation of candidates.
Board members shall be compensated at the salary of a judge serving on a Provincial Appellate Court, prorated according to the number of days the Board is active in a given year.
A government that guarantees Rights must possess the ability to enforce them. The Judicial Enforcement Service exists to give the courts of the United States the ability to carry out their lawful orders and protect the Rights of the People without relying on the Executive Branch. This Service is necessary to preserve the independence of the Judiciary, ensure access to justice, and uphold the constitutional limits on State power. It belongs solely to the Judicial Branch. Congress shall have oversight authority via any committee with jurisdiction over the Judiciary. The Executive Branch has no authority over the JES, whatsoever.
The Judicial Enforcement Service (JES) is led by a Director of Judicial Enforcement, who is appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and confirmed by the Senate within sixty (60) days of nomination. The Director may be removed by the Chief Justice only for cause, which must be stated in writing. The Director may be impeached in the same manner as other senior federal officials, but only for exceeding constitutional authority or violating the Civil or Civic powers of any Person.
There shall also be an Inspector General, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, who may only be removed for cause. The Inspector General will have full subpoena power to investigate any allegations of misconduct perpetrated by JES officers.
The JES shall be composed of three divisions, each led by a Division Commander.
Responsible for transporting detained individuals to and from court, maintaining courtroom and courthouse safety, and ensuring physical protection for court officers, judges, witnesses, and others under judicial protection.
Responsible for operating secure detention facilities in reasonable proximity to the courts. The division shall oversee the humane detention, transport, and care of individuals held under judicial authority, observing and preserving the Rights guaranteed by this Charter.
Responsible for monitoring compliance with judicial injunctions and procedural directives. The Observation Division shall not have investigative authority. It may act only under direct, written instructions from a judge or panel of judges.
The Judicial Enforcement Service shall not carry out general law enforcement. It exists to protect the integrity of the Judicial Branch and the Rights of those interacting with it.
Directors, Sub-Directors, Officers, and Deputies of the service are barred from conducting investigations, except for the legitimate activities of the Observation Division, as outlined here. They may arrest or detain individuals only when acting under a signed judicial warrant, or when responding to a clear and immediate threat to life, physical safety, or the integrity of Judicial facilities. In the case of clear and immediate threats, such arrests must be publicly reviewed by a judge who was not involved in the matter, randomly selected from a standing panel of District and Provincial Judges approved in advance by the Chief Justice. This review must occur within three (3) days to ensure that sufficient grounds existed for the arrest.Any person arrested without a warrant in this way is to be remanded to Executive Branch law enforcement within twenty-four (24) hours.
The Service and its members are similarly constrained in the case of searches. As noted in the Civil Rights enumerated in this Charter, they may only search or seize property with a properly executed and signed warrant and upon presentation under oath of Probable Cause to believe that a crime or evasion of a court-ordered remedy has been or is in the process of being committed or violated.
Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them by a Citizen of the same, or in adhering to their enemies—whether foreign states or organized non-state actors engaged in hostilities or armed conflict against the United States—giving them aid and comfort.
No Person may be convicted of treason unless the charge is proven beyond a reasonable doubt. This may include physical, digital, or testimonial evidence. If the conviction relies solely on personal testimony, at least two witnesses must testify to the same specific act. A confession in open court remains sufficient.
The penalty for Treason shall presumptively include the loss of all Civic powers and suspension of the right to a passport, but not nationality, subject to confirmation by a court of law in accordance with due process. A jury may, at its discretion, impose additional penalties that are consistent with this Charter and clearly authorized by statute.
Terrorism Against the United States means using violence, large-scale destruction, or coordinated disruption in order to force political change or influence government decisions by threatening or harming the People or institutions of the United States.
Any Person who commits such acts—such as mass killing, hostage-taking, cyber sabotage of essential systems, or other attacks using military-level force or dangerous technologies—shall be guilty of this crime.
Peaceful protest or civil disobedience, even when disruptive, is expressly excluded.
This offense applies to any Person, regardless of Citizenship or nationality.
Failure to Fulfill a Civic Duty is a civic offense, not a crime.
A unanimous jury must find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that:
The Citizen failed, on at least two occasions, to perform specific Civic Duties named in this Charter; and
The Citizen acted with malicious intent, negligence beyond mere oversight (reckless disregard for a known duty), or recalcitrant intent (deliberate refusal to comply with lawful authority).
Upon adjudication that the Citizen Failed to Fulfill a Civic Duty, the Citizen’s Civic powers to vote and hold federal office are automatically suspended. No other penalty or sanction may be levied.
Affected Citizens may petition a federal district court no earlier than five years after final adjudication for restoration of Civic powers, subject to the good-standing and rehabilitative criteria set out in this Charter.
Failure to Uphold Oath of Office is a civic offence and means a sustained pattern of action or inaction that:
Shows willful disregard for the oath;
Causes substantial harm to the Rights of the People or to a lawful government function; or
Is not excused by reasonable reliance on existing law or duty; or
Is done with the intent to subvert, ignore, or abuse authority granted by this Charter.
Adjudication requires that the failure is proven beyond a reasonable doubt by jury verdict or plea. Civil disagreement, honest error, or failed policy is not sufficient.
The penalty for this civic offense consists solely of removal from office and permanent disqualification from holding any future federal office.
There is no crime of Sedition, nor may Congress enact any sweeping legislation regarding speech or expression critical of the government or alleged to support its enemies. Any restriction must be narrowly tailored to address a specific, imminent threat to the territory, People, or vessels of the United States.
This provision must be read in light of the Charter’s guarantees of speech and media freedom.
Autonomous systems are put in place, operated, and maintained by humans. Therefore, the humans who deploy or maintain them fully are responsible for all actions carried out by those autonomous systems.